Incubation parameters, offspring growth, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress of Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) in a Neotropical inland colony (Aves, Charadriiformes, Laridae)
نویسندگان
چکیده
This study focuses on incubation parameters, egg morphometrics, and body mass development, hatching, behavioral adaptations to heat stress within a colony of freshwater-breeding Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) located in the private nature reserve Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Temperatures nest, eggs, surface substratum, as well development embryos, were surveyed using thermal imaging, method allowing digital recording from distance fraction time traditional measuring techniques. The mean dimensions (n = 71) 4.48 (± 0.13) × 3.27 0.07) cm; at hatching was 24.3 1.9) g, with significant decrease over time. temperature eggs varied 30.9℃ 39.7℃, while sand 20℃ 06:00 h, rising 47.7℃ 11:00 h. There increase (7%) throughout incubation. Incubation-bout durations 2108) correlated microclimatic conditions becoming shorter increasing sand-surface around midday. Egg lasted one day, siblings hatched no more than 24 h apart. Day 1 after 16.8 1.6) g 6). Three days chicks moved new depressions provided by parents near original where they remained motionless or tried hide under riparian vegetation. single chick that fledged had growth rate K 0.117 t₁₀₋₉₀ value 37.3 days. On 7, dorsal pintail feathers primaries appeared, which open 15. After 14 days, able regulate its temperature, feeding parental birds during daytime observed. 21, immature plumage fully developed. Fledging completed 27. Our demonstrates imaging is useful surveying embryo Skimmer, reducing nest disturbance observation efforts.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1807-0205', '0031-1049']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.045